![]() However, cities across the world exhibit profound infrastructure inequality, with significant variation in infrastructure availability, provision, and access ( 3). About 80% of global GDP and two-thirds of greenhouse gas emissions are attributed to urban areas ( 2). Urban areas are home to 55% of the world’s population today, a proportion that is expected to increase to 68% by 2050 ( 1). Our analysis reveals the scale of infrastructure demand in the Global South that is required in order to meet sustainable development goals. The inequality in urban built-up infrastructure, as measured by an inequality index, is large in most countries, but the largest in the Global South compared with the Global North. The results also show that the built-up infrastructure in 45 countries in the Global North combined, with ∼16% of the global population, is roughly equivalent to that of 114 countries in the Global South, with ∼74% of the global population. Per capita urban built-up infrastructures in some countries in the Global North are more than 30 times higher than those in the Global South. Results show extreme gaps in per capita urban built-up infrastructure in the Global South compared with the global average, and even larger gaps compared with the average levels in the Global North. ![]() Here, we developed a global atlas of urban built-up heights circa 2015 at 500-m resolution from the Sentinel-1 Ground Range Detected satellite data. The lack of data on built-up heights over large areas has limited our ability to characterize urban infrastructure and its spatial variations across the world. ![]() Information on urban built-up infrastructure is essential to understand the role of cities in shaping environmental, economic, and social outcomes.
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